INDIAN MONSOON
WHAT IS MONSOON?
Monsoon means a kind of climate that experiences a seasonal reversal of wind OR 180° reversal of wind.
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| Monsoon in India |
The Indian monsoon is a special kind of monsoon because we don't just experience the seasonal reversal of the surface wind but we also experience a seasonal reversal of upper area circulation in the form of jet streams.
TYPE OF SEASONS IN INDIA
A) DRY summer :
1) [March-May]
2) heat waves (Loo)
3) other local winds (pre-monsoon showers)
4) conventional thunderstorms and dust storms.
B) WET Summer:
1) [June-sept]
2) south-west Monsoon season.
3) monsoon rain.
4) surface: south-west Monsoon winds.
5) Jet stream- Tropical easterly Jet streams.
6) ITCZ over India.
C) RETREATING Monsoon:
1) [mid sept- november]
2) october heat.
3) maximum intensity of tropical cyclones.
D) DRY winters:
1) [Dec-Feb]
2) north-east Monsoon.
3) western disturbances.
4) heavy rain in coromandel coast.
5) subtropical westerly jet streams.
SOME FACTS WHICH WE NEED TO REMEMBER ABOUT INDIAN MONSOON.
1) Always for rainfall wind has to go up because when it goes up it cools and therefore its water holding capacity decreases.
2) In case of India the Monsoon first arrives in Kerala state and late in north-west India (July).
3) Duration of monsoon decreases from south to north regions.
4) Duration of Monsoon is less in north and greater in south and greatest in Kerala state.
FACTORS AFFECTING ON MONSOON:
a) HIMALAYAS:
1) It does not allow the south-west Monsoon winds to pass away.
2) Himalayas helps in bifurcation of westerly Jet streams.
3) Heating and cooling of the oceans: In context with pressure.
4) latitude and longitude :
Latitudinal extent of India is so big that is till the time Monsoon reaches north India there is no moisture left therefore rainfall decreases.
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